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Termites are known to take pollen and frequently see blossoms,177 so are regarded as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging workers, and it's possibly the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have grown effective defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they have passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When retained close to the infusion, they get disoriented and eventually die.181.
Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those caused by human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 sites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the 3 sites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most severely affected feeding group. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two components, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the structure itself, which is constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main categories: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created out of ground and sand.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden structures such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.
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To construct their nests, termites mostly utilize faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical forests are article located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only dwell inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds protect the termites' delicate bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made from carton are especially weak, and thus the inhabitants use counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial illness in the intestine of their termites: they utilize their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for as much as 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds if they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds located in areas having torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
By way of instance, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels used as strong points, as the diameter of the tunnels is small enough for troops to block.192 A highly protected room, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is employed as a final line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8Â ft ) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have elaborate and distinctive forms, like those of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which assembles tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase rapidly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.